Each state below is classified by the strength of its N₂O regulatory framework.
Hover for a summary. Click for full details including statute citations, penalty structures,
and enforcement mechanisms. Data current as of February 24, 2026.
Strong Framework
Enforcement Gaps
Pending
No Visibility
Data Layers
N₂O Death Data — Three-Tier Suppression Map
10+ confirmed deaths
Deaths confirmed, count suppressed (<10)
Source: CDC WONDER MCD, ICD-10 T59.0, 2010–2024.
Methodology: Yockey & Hoopsick, JAMA Network Open 2025.
NCHS suppresses state counts <10 for privacy. Suppression means deaths occurred — the count is too small to report publicly. 46 of 51 jurisdictions have suppressed death data. The suppression pattern IS the finding.
National N₂O Deaths by Year (ICD-10 T59.0)
Any-listed cause of death — CDC NCHS Multiple Cause of Death Public Use Files
*2024 data is provisional — not all deaths may be coded yet. 2010–2023 total validates against Yockey & Hoopsick (JAMA Network Open 2025, ~1,240 deaths).
